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Mold manufacturing process, mold people must understand!

车削加工

Turning

工厂为什么又叫车间？这“车”指的就是车削加工了。车削的关键在于，要让需要加工的工件旋转起来，然后再让直线移动的刀具靠近它们，对工件表面进行雕琢。

Why is the factory called the workshop again? This "car" refers to the turning of the car. The key to turning is to rotate the workpiece that needs to be machined, then move the cutter moving straight away, and carve the surface of the workpiece.

首先，工件被卡盘固定在机床上，接下来，工件在电机的带动下进行高速转动，转速可以按照我们对加工的要求人为控制。然后，就可以开始控制刀具在工件表面进行雕琢，这被称为“走刀”。常见的车刀往往是用高速钢或硬质合金制成，近几年市面上陶瓷刀具和人造金刚石刀具也用的很广泛。不同形状的车刀可以满足各种加工要求：

First, the workpiece is fixed on the machine tool by the disc. Next, the workpiece is driven by the motor at high speed. The speed can be controlled according to the requirements of our processing. Then, you can start to control the cutting tools on the surface of the workpiece, which is called "walking knife". The common turning tools are often made of high speed steel or hard alloy. In recent years, ceramic tools and synthetic diamond tools are widely used on the market. Different shapes of turning tools can meet various processing requirements.

除了外表面，车削中使用镗刀还可以在工件已经有孔的地方，对内表面进行精加工。

In addition to the external surface, the use of boring cutter in turning can also finish the internal surface in the hole where the workpiece has holes.

铣削加工

Milling

说完了“车”，“铣”又是啥？其实，它还是利用旋转的加工方式，只不过这回轮到铣刀来旋转了。

After saying "car", "milling" and what is it? In fact, it still revolves the way of processing, but this time it is the turn of the milling cutter.

传统的铣削加工有两种相对运动方式，一种就是像上图这样，被加工的工件固定不动，完全依靠铣刀坐上来自己动旋转和平移；而另一种如下图所示，铣刀单纯做旋转运动，工件可以沿着前后、左右、上下三个方向移动。

There are two kinds of relative motion mode in traditional milling. One is as the above, the workpiece is fixed and fixed. It is entirely dependent on the milling cutter to sit on its own rotation and translation; and the other, as shown below, is simply rotating, and the workpiece can move along three directions, front and back, left and right, up and down.

铣刀是一种多刃刀具，在每一转的铣削加工中，铣刀每个刀刃只参与一次切削，其余时间停歇有利于散热。这样一来，比起单刃的车刀，铣刀的切削效率也更高。不同形状的铣刀可以完成各种平面、台阶面、凹槽、腔体的加工。而铣削时的铣削用量由切削速度、进给量、背吃刀量(铣削深度)和侧吃刀量(铣削宽度)四要素组成。

Milling cutter is a kind of multi edge cutting tool. In every turn milling process, each blade of the milling cutter is only involved in cutting once. The rest of the time is conducive to heat dissipation. In this way, the cutting efficiency of the milling cutter is higher than that of the single edged lathe tool. Different shapes of milling cutters can finish various planes, steps, grooves and cavities. The milling parameters are composed of four factors: cutting speed, feed rate, cutting depth (milling depth) and side feed (milling width).

几种常见的铣削加工方式

Several common milling methods

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几种常见的铣刀类型

Several common types of milling cutters

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刨削加工

Planing

刨削加工的工作原理一目了然，简单的往返运动，与车削、铣削相比生产效率极低，但是也因为设备和工具结构简单使用方便，目前还在用于粗糙处理工件的表面。

The working principle of planing is clear, simple round and round movement, very low production efficiency compared with turning and milling, but also because the structure of equipment and tools is easy to use, and it is still used to rough the surface of the workpiece.

磨削加工

Grinding process

磨削加工是利用砂轮、砂带之类的磨具对工件表面进行切削加工。在现今的加工中，磨削头已经可以很成熟地集成到数控铣床的加工中心内。

Grinding is the use of abrasive wheels, abrasive belt and other abrasive tools for cutting the workpiece surface. In today's processing, the grinding head can be integrated into the machining center of CNC milling machine.

电火花加工

EDM

是利用浸在工作液中的两极间脉冲放电时产生的电蚀作用蚀除导电材料的特种加工方法，又称放电加工或电蚀加工，英文简称EDM。工具电极常用导电性良好、熔点较高、易加工的耐电蚀材料，如铜、石墨、铜钨合金和钼等。在加工过程中，工具电极也有损耗，但小于工件金属的蚀除量，甚至接近于无损耗。

It is a special processing method, which is used to remove conductive materials from the electric erosion of the two poles impregnated in the working fluid. It is also called the discharge machining or the electroetching, for short, EDM. Tool electrodes are usually conductive materials with good conductivity, high melting point and easy processing, such as copper, graphite, copper tungsten alloy and molybdenum. During machining, tool electrodes also have losses, but less than the amount of metal removal, even near lossless.

激光切割

laser cutting

激光切割 利用高能量密度的激光束加热工件，使温度迅速上升，在非常短的时间内达到材料的沸点，材料开始汽化，形成蒸气。这些蒸气的喷出速度很大，在蒸气喷出的同时，在材料上形成切口。利用激光切割设备可切割4mm以下的不锈钢，在激光束中加氧气可切割20mm厚的碳钢，但加氧切割后会在切割面形成薄薄的氧化膜。切割的最大厚度可增加到20mm，但切割部件的尺寸误差较大。

Laser cutting uses a laser beam with high energy density to heat the workpiece, which makes the temperature rise rapidly and reaches the boiling point of the material in a very short time. The material begins to vaporize and form steam. These vapour spew out very fast, and when the steam comes out, the incision is formed on the material. The laser cutting equipment can cut the stainless steel below 4mm, and the carbon steel can be cut 20mm thick by adding oxygen in the laser beam, but the thin oxide film will be formed on the cutting surface after the oxygen cutting. The maximum thickness of cutting can be increased to 20mm, but the size error of cutting parts is larger.

压铸（注意压铸不是压力铸造的简称）是一种金属铸造工艺，其特点是利用模具腔对融化的金属施加高压。模具通常是用强度更高的合金加工而成的，这个过程有些类似注塑成型。

Die casting (pay attention to die casting is not referred to as pressure casting) is a kind of metal casting technology, which is characterized by high pressure applied to molten metal by mold cavity. Molds are usually made of alloy with higher strength, which is similar to injection molding.

冲压加工

Stamping process

冲压 是靠压力机和模具对板材、带材、管材和型材等施加外力，使之产生塑性变形或分离，从而获得所需形状和尺寸的工件（冲压件）的成形加工方法。

Stamping is the forming process of the workpiece (stamping part) by applying external force to the plate, strip, pipe and profile by press and die to produce plastic deformation or separation.

磨削加工

Grinding process

压铸（注意压铸不是压力铸造的简称）是一种金属铸造工艺，其特点是利用模具腔对融化的金属施加高压。模具通常是用强度更高的合金加工而成的，这个过程有些类似注塑成型。

Die casting (pay attention to die casting is not referred to as pressure casting) is a kind of metal casting technology, which is characterized by high pressure applied to molten metal by mold cavity. Molds are usually made of alloy with higher strength, which is similar to injection molding.